Walking And The Suburbanized Psyche - 1267 Words

Walking in this Century Rebecca Solnit’s Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche stresses her concerns about the suburban wave that has plagued the world in recent times. According to her, the mind, the body, and the world have a special bond that is being vanquished by the lack of recreational walking. In the eighteenth century, there was a â€Å"golden era† for walking because recent accommodations made it possible for the general public to enjoy the untamed nature all around them. This era was short-lived, as suburbs rose to popularity so did their unorthodox labyrinths which made walking simple distances nearly impossible to the public. The reason why walking in nature is important, Solnit shares, is because it allows the mind to flow freely without the corruption of everyday obstacles that the suburbs brought. She explains that in order for the mind to avoid being molded into a sterile dull thing, it must imagine in nature. If we do not continue to walk, the history we have with walking will diminish as will the special bond our ancestors cherished so dearly. Without it, Solnit fears that we will no longer be able to produce such things, however, in recent times walking is not a luxury many can do. I disagree because society has changed to the point where walking is not only a rarity but also a threat to many. In the early 1800’s, walking was idolized by many. The transcendentalists movement was in full swing, people who believed that nature was key to keeping spirits pure andShow MoreRelatedWalking And The Suburbanized Psyche Summary773 Words   |  4 Pages Walking is Fading In the essay â€Å"Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche,† Solnit argues that human beings are losing the ordinary connections between the body and the world is caused by the advanced innovations that are being implemented. Walking has been part of human culture since the time of the Homosapien. According to Solnit, if walking continues to be devalued by our society, a lot of practical benefits and lifestyle will be gone. Back in the days, many people treated walking as a pleasure whenRead MoreWalking And The Suburbanized Psyche By Rebecca Solnit997 Words   |  4 PagesIn the anecdote, â€Å"Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche†, by Rebecca Solnit, she implies, if walking continues to devalue, our society s relationship between body, world, and imagination will be lost. I personally do not find walking to be a cultural activity or pleasure of getting around. Instead, walking is a hassle when the â€Å"American suburbs are built with a diffuseness that the unenhanced hum an body is inadequate to cope with†. Furthermore, instead of making us feel guilty or attempting to persuadeRead MoreWalking And The Suburbanized Psyche By Rebecca Solnit1296 Words   |  6 PagesWalking Backwards In â€Å"Walking and the Suburbanized Psyche,† Rebecca Solnit argues that as technology in transportation continues to evolves; we are in danger of losing our imagination unless we â€Å"fight for free space† (Solnit page 264). I agree with her because we are not being deprived walking, are deprived of our creativity. In other words in modern day society we are told to believe everything we are told room authoritative figures and follow societal norms rightfully or wrongfully. SolnitRead MoreSummary Of Walking And The Suburbanization Psyche1271 Words   |  6 PagesIn Walking and The Suburbanization Psyche, by Rebecca Solnit, the author argues that modern society’s continued decline in walking will toll away from our connections to the body, world, and imagination. Rebecca Solnit blames the advancements in technology and suburbanization stating that they are leading causes as to why walking is done less in modern society. Suburbanized society stands to lose not only the ability to socialize and create connections with the environment around them including nature

Great Power, Great Responsibility - 1390 Words

Great Power, Great Responsibility Chances are you have or know someone that has a family member suffering from Alzheimer s disease. It’s effects are heartbreaking and awful for all involved, but what if Alzheimer s disappeared from the world? Due to recent technological innovations, gene editing could soon be used to cure genetic diseases like Alzheimer s. In the film Jurassic Park the character Dr. Ian Malcolm said â€Å"... scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could that they didn’t stop to think if they should.† Though he was referring to reviving dinosaur species, he is correct that scientists and indirectly, the populace, have a responsibility to ensure scientific advancements are safe and in the best interests of†¦show more content†¦Zoologist Dr. Weizhi Ji theorizes that this technology will be used to extend the human lifespan (481). Extending lifespans is an example of unneeded editing, and would increase the tremendous press ure on the already strained healthcare systems of the world, as well as the social security system in the United States. Likewise, removing genetic diseases would remove some pressure from the world healthcare systems; those that would be born with diseases would be born without them and any treatment they would have needed would be futile. Editing genes brings along with it a whole new set of benefits and drawbacks, by only allowing edits for genetic diseases and birth defects the amount of drawbacks is reduced drastically. Gene editing is brand new and there is no way to see all of it’s effects, but starting by only allowing the most vital edits the world is given a small but sufficient platform to analyze the effects of this new technology. Evolution is when an organism develops a trait which is useful to it in it’s environment, and then passes it onto its offspring. These traits give that organism an advantage over other organisms of it’s species, and usually in the wild it leads to the demise of the other, now separate, species. Gene editing is similar to evolution, but it will not likely lead to the extinction of unaltered humans. It can, however, create a divide between two distinct species. HumansShow MoreRelatedGreat Power Comes With Great Responsibility904 Words   |  4 PagesGreat power comes with great responsibility. She needed to start educate her employees properly about company’s policy and all the procedure they need to know once someone ask for return or exchange and also give them power to let them decide to do the right things. They need to recognize that a decent performance is a must and they need manager’s approval for any situation like return or exchange since this is not the store’s policy to return even to help our lost prevention department. Staff needsRead MoreWith Great Power Comes Great Responsibility 1984 by George Orwell806 Words   |  4 Pagesto deal with power through his government named The Party. The Party wanted the power over Oceania and no one else to have it even over a person’s own body and mind. This is where the main character Winston has a problem, in the book everyone must love The Party and they must never do anything the party denounces. They have telescreens and microphones all over and Winston hates the party and goes against it in his own little way but the party puts out his little fire and remain in power even over himRead MoreThe Great Powers Of The United States1682 Words   |  7 Pagescategories in which all nation-states belonged. The great powers, economically and militarily dominant, were the victors of WWII: U.S, Great Britain, Russia, France and China. The rest of the world fell into the ca tegory of small power, with little influence in shaping the international system. As Germany and Japan recovered from their devastating defeats in the Second World War, they fought their way back into the classification of great powers. Although this North-South relationship was well knownRead MoreChina s Struggle For Status1274 Words   |  6 PagesStruggle for Status, analyzes China’s rise in power and it’s future trajectory according to his research. The novel was released during what many consider the peak of China’s growth, or at least when the world was witnessing the prosperity of their country, the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The novel strays away from the status quo of analyzing China’s rise, and rather focuses more on the reasons behind why China would want to become the world’s top super power and its motives for control, if any. The bookRead MoreUnited States as a World Superpower1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe rising to the status of world super power does not happen overnight. To explore the journey to the top, we must recognize the struggles and obstacles that were overcome. As Americans we can proudly say that we live in a country with globally recognized supremacy. As stated earlier, it was not an easy title to obtain. Looking back throughout history we can see specific examples of how we began our rise to power and what it has taken to preserve our power. Some of our more recent history has shownRead MoreHow Globalization Went Bad1206 Words   |  5 Pagesprovides solutions. Article 51: How Globalization went Bad From Terrorism to Global Warming In the Article â€Å"How globalization Went Bad† by Steven Weber et al. the author describes several reasons why having the United States as the single super power in this modern global market is not exactly a good thing. Weber says that the â€Å"evils of globalization are even more dangerous than ever before†¦The world has more international terrorism and more nuclear proliferation today than it did in 1990. InternationalRead MoreChina’s Rise and Policy Options for the United States Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of China as a great power will most likely be one of the greatest potential challenges facing the United States in the 21st century. The rapid growth of China’s military and economic power – and the simultaneous decline in American capabilities –could become a source of tension and perhaps conflict between the two countries as the responsibilities that each state feels it should take on begin to change. There is reason fo r optimism, however, as specific economic factors, the general â€Å"openness†Read MoreThe Concert of Europe1941 Words   |  8 Pageshad a substantial level of accountability in the preservation of peace because it brought about a common satisfaction of the status quo. The concert was forged under the thought that none of the great powers was interested in changing the international order to best suit their need. This is because, no power could be so â€Å"dissatisfied that it questioned the legitimacy of the entire order.† (83 p.145 Kupchan.) Some may argue that the concert was not created to maintain peace, because their interventionRead MoreBric Analysis Essay11111 Words   |  45 Pagesinstincts ’ embrace familiar ‘‘Northern’’ preferences: liberal, and mixed-capitalist, democracy. Polity (2010) 42, 14–37. doi:10.1057/pol.2009.15; published online 7 December 2009 Keywords BRICs; Brazil; global governance; democracy; power transition; emerging powers Leslie Elliott Armijo is a visiting scholar at the Mark O. Hatfield School of Government, Portland State University. The editor of Financial Globalization and Democracy in Emerging Markets (1999), Debating the Global Financial ArchitectureRead MoreThe Threat Of A Zombie Apocalypse2139 Words   |  9 Pagescould be devastating. Then international community would also have to address whose responsibility it would be to defend against or protect the world against this army of the living dead. Naturally, many states around the world suspect the hegemon would take responsibility and step forward to police the zombies; however, what would happen if the hegemon decided not to take that responsibility what other world power would be able to stand up against this mutant army. That type of action could be taken

Skills in Management and Leadership System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Skills in Management and Leadership System. Answer: Introduction This self-reflection reviews my skills in management and leadership since these are important to the different adjustments needed to improve any organizational plans. I have well reviewed the strengths in my leadership and management programs. I have assessed myself by gathering adequate information about my leadership style from different people I work with. Here, I have shown my personal visions and my management style and I have also established those vital areas I have to enhance so that I become a competent leader. I have carried out a self-assessment through different assessment tolls to assess my personality.(Arens, 2016). I have formulated a good plan known as Smart, from the different information. SMART is an acronym for Specific, Measurable, Action Oriented, Realistic and Time bound. I have always aspired to be a transformational leader, a leader willing to share his /her vision, a leader who always motivates his team and committed to his work. I intend motivate my subordinates by setting goals appropriately that makes them comfortable when working towards them. Setting goals appropriately makes the staff interested in their work(Brennan, 2016). I hope and feel that this is how the department visualizes its leaders, to help and improve the organizational plans. Nonetheless, this type of leadership is quite challenging to enforce since some of the staff do not really follow the goals set. This has made me acquire other characteristics of a leader, where I either reward or punish my staff. There was one time the competencies of the staff were questioned since they were producing insufficient test results. A good leader should be able to assess himself/herself and understand well the knowledge about things. A person who is able to identify the strengths and areas necessary for development will always be able to set realistic goals. Also, he will be in a better position to use his strengths to ensure development. I have done a thorough assessment on myself as per the Big Five Locator Questionnaire tool and have also drafted a short Myers Briggs type Indicators to show my real type of personality(James H. McMillan, 2008). The sample picture for the questionnaire with score before improvement is shown below. I have identified the main qualities from that assessment tool and they do not only correlate with my leadership principles and conceptions but also point out the different roles I play as leader. I was not even sure that I possessed some of the qualities. I am a confident, supportive, focused, determined and motivated leader(Spiller, 2012). The above qualities have also been identified by my class mates, peers and even my workmates. These qualities are essential for the good leader and I have to improve these qualities by doing different activities. I could improve my qualities and scores high in all the above like 78 in emotional stability and then 62, 73, 59, 60 respectively in other. I also tend to be not confident, slow with disciplinary actions, and failure to identify failure among staff, which all point to a transactional leader. The Leadership qualities framework process has made me be more critical on decisions I make and also reflect on everything I do. This process though effective has also been quite discomforting since some of the feedback undermine my styles of leadership. Nevertheless, this is not the case with other participators hence this process is just fine and efficient(Chuang, 2013). The process emphasized on the major strengths I possess; this was dependent with my total scores. My average scores for this questionnaire was 55. The following figure shows the personality rating for each average scores. I was able to assess the major strengths and qualities during the process. Additionally, I had to improve on some certain areas so that I could become a good and effective leader. I designed action plans on the three key areas I had to improve on. These areas were; Improve on time management, develop and enhance my ability to face colleagues and also improve self-confidence(Folkman, 2010 ). To improve on the key areas mentioned above I have again formulated different action plans for each area. The first objective plan was to improve on the skills of managing time. Poor management of time creates a bad undesirable view for all the people in an organization. The LQF states that poor time management sets low standards to other people in that organization(Chuang, 2013). It is also good to note that those objectives left to be dealt on almost during the deadline will cause poor rushed outcomes which affect the entire project quality(Chuang, 2013). The deadline can also be missed if I dont deal with the original tasks at hand. Additionally, based on the Self-Monitoring Questionnaire results, I have identified that I really need to improve on long term planning and also view things in a bigger picture. Yet, this is quite challenging especially when I am dealing with other tasks and it can also hinder efficiency in doing tasks. Concurrently, I am quite approachable and open to any of my colleagues and friends which have always caused interruptions leading to difficulty in doing ta sks before the deadline. I have affirmed the approachable personality after conducting an Interpersonal Skills Checklist Questionnaire, as shown in a sample image below. I am going to explore strategies mostly based on Brian Tracy and Stephens techniques of improving personal effectiveness(Tracy, 2013). Before I do all that, I have the urge of first finding a solution on how to minimize unnecessary digressions and interruptions. I have the feeling that if I have more time to work and remain uninterrupted then I will be able to effectively achieve my goals and objectives. I will have to close my door for certain hours and should work properly on my task for quality work and I should be in contact with people around me. I will then improve on clarity; this is a vital principle in personal efficiency. Clear objectives and goals will help improve productivity and prevent assigning jobs at future dates. I will first document what my desired achievement score is since it will help me visualize my main aims. At that time, I will also set deadlines for my goals, enabling me know the urgency of the objectives. I will also plan for the future, documenting anyt hing essential. At last, I will immediately take action on the plans. I will then build my clarity on the objectives and goals as I plan ahead. Taking some time to make the plan will help to save a lot of time wasted in the long run. I will list out the objectives, which I need to achieve in a month, week or day, and any objective I have achieved I will cancel it in my list (James M. Kouzes, 2013). James M. and Kouzes also explains that the monthly and weekly lists will increase efficiency and effectiveness, and lastly improve on drive and motivation since a person is able to visualize on his/her achievements. This will generate that forward motion in doing tasks. The strategies are quite essential evaluating tools that enable assessment of my achievements and progress. This action plan is in line with the Quadrant II theory where I have to balance my life in work and the urgent and more important issues. Four quadrants have been designed and this includes the following; Reflecting on my practice and from the results in LQF, I am in the first quadrant, a person who deals with the most urgent and important tasks first then look at other tasks. The assessors stated that I liked Fire-fighting at work, by that they meant that I deal with the most immediate challenge rather than planning ahead. This has a negative effect on improvement and development which are quite essential to improvement plan (James M. Kouzes, 2013) . The above will lead to stress, burnouts, poor management of crisis and hence make a person be a far less efficient and ineffective leader. I will have to constantly look at my task list and assess my work and achievement. The second plan will into look at improving my ability to face people or group members at different levels in a good way. Facing workmates occurs every time at all levels, so I have to do it in a more managed way. The report from the LQF stated that I tend to shy away from confronting other workers and just look away even when things are not done accurately(Nafari, 2016). I rather let standards fall down and not confront the workers. The comments above were mostly stated by my peers who I have to agree were true since I dont actually face them when they make mistakes. I also had difficulty in dealing with conflicts. Conflicts occur when the workplace have different staff members of different backgrounds. This leads to different ways on how to approach them making working environment very difficult. I will evaluate the plan well enough by noting the achievements and also looking at the experience. I will then write a diary of the problems I have already dealt with and then concentrate on those not yet done this will help ensure good confrontation with conflicts(James H. McMillan, 2008). I will also have to learn from experiences and also identify the successful outcomes and even those not successful and even try to know why they exist that way. I will also try to look at some of my strengths as shown in the LQF. Some of the qualities necessary in dealing with conflicts include the following; confidence, good communication skills, and so many more. Finally, I will have to improve my self-confidence. In the assessment tool I learnt that most of the people see me as a person who is confident and has inspiring and motivational qualities. To some extent this is not true since sometimes my confidence level gets low. I always afraid of change, failure and conflicts and this greatly affects my progress. The results from the assessment tool showed that I am afraid of taking risks, which is true since my peer comments also indicated the same(Folkman, 2010 ). I will definitely need to improve on my skills of managing time and also the feeling of not acquiring the non-urgent but quite important tasks and occasionally working on immediate issues also affects a persons confidence. I will have to address this particular issue of not achieving positive outcomes when it comes to dealing with confidence levels. The more I achieve positive outcomes more my confidence level will increase. Winning confrontations should not only be the reason but a lso we should focus on obtaining positive outcomes. The first strategy to improve on my confidence will be to formulate organizational tasks and plan sheets. When I manage to work out one task, I cross it out then highlight it as a small win. This will create momentum and a feeling of achievement. I will rate the key results on a ten-point scale that will help identify the weaknesses and strengths. I will learn from the weaknesses and even train well enough to eliminate the lack of confidence(Brennan, 2016). The key results in my lists will be discussed with my workmates and later be reviewed by my manager. The achievements or the goals I have achieved will help acquire confidence and a feeling of accomplishment. The assessment on my achievement has been on either a win or lose situation, but I am currently working towards the win -win habit and this will definitely improve my self confidence. The direct report I have assess most of my accomplishments by the win or lose situation and this shows that anything I achieved having won outc ome, which actually leads to lack of confidence. The action plan will be mostly assessed by the accomplishments and achievements. My task sheets and all the plans, I may have will be assessed on a monthly, weekly or even daily basis. This will help me understand the tasks I have accomplished(Nafari, 2016). Task rating and even further training will also be assessed to know if there are improvements building on confidence. I will also reflect on confrontations and conflicts and especially aim for the win -win situation. Managing to do all that will help me achieve satisfactory outcomes and also help to build my confidence. Conflicts within the departments and resentment from my peers at work will also be reflected upon and even find solutions on how to do away with those problems. Conclusion In conclusion, it is true that all the plans I have form a link towards each other. An effective leader is one who is loved by his workmates and that is what I am trying to achieve. When I achieve all that and become an effective leader, then even my colleagues will have no reason to hate my leadership skills and the different styles I use to manage the different departments. This will minimize confrontations and also reduce conflicts within the departments. Moreover, improving on managing of time and minimizing confrontations and conflicts will help me gain confidence at the work place. My confidence has always been affected by the poor methods of managing confrontations and the increased number of tasks that are incomplete. References Arens, T. E., 2016. Assessing Leadership Skills of College Student Leaders: What Do We Learn From Their Experience?, s.l.: s.n. Brennan, S., 2016. Goal setting Your Way to Academic Success, s.l.: s.n. Chuang, S.-F., 2013. Essential Skills for Leadership Effectiveness in Diverse Workplace Development Workplace Development. Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development , 6(1), pp. 1-23. Folkman, J., 2010 . Top 9 Leadership Behaviors that Drive Employee Commitment, s.l.: Zenger Folkman. James H. McMillan, J. H., 2008. Student Self-Assessment:The Key to Stronger Student Motivation and Higher Achievement, s.l.: HORIZONS. James M. Kouzes, B. Z. P., 2013. Student Leadership Practices Inventory, s.l.: s.n. Nafari, J., 2016. Servant Leadership and Servant Leader's Attributes, s.l.: Amir Kabir University of Technology. Spiller, D., 2012. Assessment Matters: Self-Assessment and Peer Assessment, s.l.: Teaching Development| W?hanga Whakapakari Ako. Tracy, B., 2013. Time Mangement, New York: Amacom.

Informal Lab Report Chemical Reactions Sample

Informal Lab Report :Chemical Reactions Paper Types of Chemical Reactions Data: Reaction Observations Evidence It turned a reddish brown and the liquid went clear. The color change proved it was a chemical change. The reaction turned yellow and it separated and created a fog. The solid formed precipitation and had a color change during the reaction proving it to be a chemical change. #3 There was green smoke and the crystals turned black. The green liquid turned dark green and continued to sizzle with water which turned the whole reaction to a liquid. The evidence is in the color change and when it created smoke. It also sizzled up which proved it to be a chemical change. #4 It bubbled clear and during the reaction continued to make a popping noise. It also fizzed up and created a gas. When it bubbled and turned into a gas was the evidence to identify it as a chemical change. Also when it created the popping sound when the stick was placed in the tube. #5 The water turned black and created smoke rings. It made the glow stick ignite back on fire. The chemical change was when it bubbled to make a gas. Also when the reaction created a fire was when a chemical change was present. We will write a custom essay sample on Informal Lab Report :Chemical Reactions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Informal Lab Report :Chemical Reactions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Informal Lab Report :Chemical Reactions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Intellectual and Cognitive Development free essay sample

Intellectual and Cognitive Development Explain the sequence and rate of development Age Range 0-3 Months Babies at this age are learning a lot about their parents they are beginning to recognise the sound of their voices, especially Mums voice and smell, they may stop crying when Mums voice is heard. 3-6 Months Objects and toys become very interesting to babies at this time. Toys are explored with fingers and mouth. They are very alert. 6-9 Months Around this time babies will cry when their primary carer leaves the room but then around 8 or 9 moths learn that people and objects do not disappear but continue to exist even when they are out of sight. 1-2 Years At this time in their life they recognise routines throughout the day, babies may get excited when they see a familiar face or toy or when a bib is put on for feeding. They enjoy toys that they put things in to containers and out again, they may pull off hats and socks repeatedly. We will write a custom essay sample on Intellectual and Cognitive Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They also respond well to brothers and sisters. 2-4 Years Children begin to know what they like and play with the same games over and over again. They like pretend play games like drinking from an empty cup or dressing up in clothes of their heros. 4-7 Years This is the age they gain load of confidence and co-ordination. They start school and learn to read, write and count they also do simple maths. -12 Years By this age children are well co-ordinated, the way children think and reason is reflected in their play, they are much more organised and focused. 12-16 Years Children of this age have learnt how to solve problems and have an understanding of reasoning. 16-19 Years Decisions have to be made at this tae of ones life, if to stay in education or to find a job. If leaving your familiar environment you have to embrace new settings, rules and people.

TORNADOS essays

TORNADOS essays The role of a tornado is one of the most dangerous natural disasters that exist in the world today. Lets see, the first thing that may come to mind is saying, Can a Tornado destroy one half of your Town, City, or State? Have you ever thought that tornados are just a powerful spinning column of wind? What is a Tornado? A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air driven by energy in the atmosphere. Tornados usually occur from intense thunderstorms where the hot air rising and the cold air is descending. Most tornados in the United States occur in an area known as Tornado Alley, which is located in the Ohio valley corridor. Tornados usually take place in the late spring and early summer. Other States where tornados are frequent are, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Dakota and Texas. On Presidents Day 2005 a tornado struck the capital city of Sacramento of California. This is very rare occurrence for California. One way to describe a tornado is in steps. The first step is located at the top of the tornado. This is referred to as the anvil of the tornado. The second step down is where the tornado gets the spinning action. This is known as the mesocyclone of the tornado, located in the center section of the tornado. The third step down at the bottom of the tornado is called the mid-level-wind. This level helps put the weather in to the tornado. When hail starts falling, which is actually moisture turned in to ice balls, that come from the clouds is one indication of a up coming tornado. A tornado can last from a couple of minutes and as long as two hours. The intense thunderstorm may just die out with thunder, lightening and rain. The tornado is a vortex of air that spins and when it touches the ground has the power to destroy buildings and pick up vehicles tossing them sometim ...

Ancident and Medieval Cities History Question 2 Essay

Ancident and Medieval Cities History Question 2 - Essay Example For example, figure 3.4 shows a boat being towed across a river which means river traffic is being controlled by the administrators on land. This certainly shows that the city had grown to a point where traffic on the river could cause confusion and even traffic jams which had to be avoided in order to keep Rome running efficiently. Just as the Romans had created pathways for clean water coming into the city and pathways for removing dirty water out of the city, their river transport systems allowed more to be done in less time. Of course the input of more goods coming from around the empire meant that the Romans needed specific ways and better methods for storing the goods that were coming to them. To handle this, they created granaries like the ones shown in figure 3.5 which allowed food and grain to remain fresh for longer periods of time than before. As reported by Dunn et. al. (2006), technological innovations allow cities to build more and grow at a faster rate than other cities and the expansion of Rome not only created the requirement for improved technology, it also answered the requirements with improvements in technology. In fact, such innovations are just a few of the total innovations which the Romans called on to help them in growing their city in a stable manner. For example, the presence of social services such as a city wide fire management system and the ability of their engineers to build multistory houses and apartment buildings only helped in expanding the city (Wikipedia, 2007). At the same time, their engineers and technologists also helped in expanding the overall size of the Roman Empire with the creation of empire wide systems of management that were greatly helped by the Roman development of paved roads and tracks. These roads allowed not only the fast movement of troops and legions but also of goods

Beauty of Nature as Appreciated by Wordsworth Essay

Beauty of Nature as Appreciated by Wordsworth - Essay Example Written in Germany, the poem "Nutting" evokes Wordsworth's remembrance of turbulent feelings he had when he had gone' nutting' as a boy. William Wordsworth writes about a beautiful, pristine wood whose beauty and purity he had destroyed by his greed to gather the nuts .Continuing in the same vein, in "The World is too much with Us", the poet laments the heartlessness of humankind, which has come under the sway of unfathomable avarice, and which no longer is moved by the beauty of nature. Wordsworth describes the secret, unexplored place he went to after clambering over rocks and stepping over tangled ferns in "Nutting". It is a place of perfect peace where the poet's heart experiences great joy. He describes the nook where he sits down among the flowers under the trees The poem conveys a deep sense of peace and meditation attained by man by connecting with nature. The final lines of the poem convey the spiritual feeling that the beauty of nature inspired in the poet. The symbolism of the plentiful hazelnut clusters which cover the trees alludes to the bounty of nature. The tattered old clothes the boy wears symbolizes the poverty of spirit of man. The poet describes how the unsullied nook is ravaged by the violent acts of the boy.

Shopping as an American Culture Value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Shopping as an American Culture Value - Essay Example The contention is that though American culture has been manipulated into accepting materialistic 'must have' consumerism as a cultural value, there are those, past and present, who provide a glimmer of hope for a return to the better, more humane values of the American way of life. According to Rao (2004), writing from an Indian viewpoint, the American Dream encapsulated "freedom," and "democracy" in a "land of opportunities." In reviewing the book, 'Affluenza: The All Consuming Epidemic', he cited figures from De Graff et al (2003): Embedding of this value was reflected in "one poll found that 93% of teenage American girls rate shopping as their favorite activity." (Rao, 2004). He further contended that only about one quarter of mall shoppers are seeking to buy a specific item, the rest use shopping as therapy, for amusement, or just for its own sake. Americans in general would seem to have adopted shopping as a cultural value, a way of life. ... There is little doubt that people are buying, not from necessity, but spending above their means in order to acquire possessions in a search for happiness and to belong to their culture. They must have the newest fashion, the best brand, the biggest house, the fastest car in order to feel valued. Social theory provides some answers as to how this has happened. In order for businesses to make profits, they no longer seek only to produce to meet needs, but make sure that demand levels stay high, and so maintain the growth of a capitalist system. By marketing and motivating people to buy, this is accomplished; a psychological manipulation appears to be in place. "Advertising, marketing and the mass media have become central to the stimulation of demand through the continual invention of new wants. The images and identities they disseminate promise satisfactions earlier generations never dreamed of. They suggest life-styles of endless acquisition and inexhaustible glamour, which can be had at the pleasurable price of merely buying more and more." (Noble, 2000, p. 231) This shows how people can be sucked into the shopping vortex, with little or no regard for its effects on the individual or the world in general. The impact worldwide, where poorer nations make the goods, on low pay (rendering American workers jobless), in sometimes slave-like conditions, to feed the greed of multinationals and consumers, presents an immoral and inhumane side of capitalism. Sanders (2000), in an article on Maytag and the North American Free Trade Agreement, stated: "The simple truth is that American workers cannot, and should not be "competing" against desperate workers in developing countries who are forced to work for pennies an hour." (Why Overcoming

The Lost Honor Killing For False Honor Criminology Essay

The Lost Honor Killing For False Honor Criminology Essay An honor killing is the homicide of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the belief of the perpetrators that the victim has brought dishonor upon the family or community. Honor killings are directed mostly against women and girls, but have been extended to men. Qays bin Asim, ancient leader of Banu Tamim is credited by some historians as the first to kill children on the basis of honor. It is recorded that he murdered all of his daughters to prevent them from ever causing him any kind of dishonor. The perceived dishonor is normally the result of one of the following behaviors, or the suspicion of such behaviors: dressing in a manner unacceptable to the family or community, wanting to terminate or prevent an arranged marriage or desiring to marry by own choice, especially if to a member of a social group deemed inappropriate, engaging in heterosexual acts outside marriage and engaging in homosexual acts. Human Rights Watch defines honor killings as follows: Honor killings are acts of vengeance, usually death, committed by male family members against female family members, who are held to have brought dishonor upon the family. A woman can be targeted by (individuals within) her family for a variety of reasons, including: refusing to enter into an arranged marriage, being the victim of a sexual assault, seeking a divorce-even from an abusive husband-or (allegedly) committing adultery. The mere perception that a woman has behaved in a way that dishonors her family is sufficient to trigger an attack on her life. Men can also be the victims of honor killings by members of the family of a woman with whom they are perceived to have an inappropriate relationship. The loose term honor killing applies to killing of both males and females in cultures that practice it. Some women who bridge social divides, publicly engage other communities, or adopt some of the customs or the religion of an outside group may be attacked. In countries that receive immigration, some otherwise low-status immigrant men and boys have asserted their dominant patriarchal status by inflicting honor killings on women family members who have participated in public life, for example in feminist and integration politics. Honor killing in India Terming love marriage as honor killing for families is a primitive thought. Even we talk about culture and tradition, then also just pick up the epic and you find that then also alliances happened only as love marriages. People here are just running after fake and rotten concepts, which actually have no meaning and gravity. Recently, there has been a spate of honor killings in the country and this has led the government to decide what laws should be put in place to stop this heinous crime. More than 1,000 young people in India have been done to death every year owing to Honor Killings linked to forced marriages and the country needs to introduce stringent legislation to deal firmly with these heinous crimes. Supreme Court has said the government must explain what it is doing to prevent honor killings. Taking note of the rise in honor crimes, the Supreme Court demanded responses from the federal government and state governments of Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Honor killing is the murder of any family member or social group member by other people due to the belief of perpetrators who feel that the murdered persons actions have brought dishonor upon the family or group. The loose term honor killing applies to killing of both males and fem ales in cultures that practice it. The most watched scenes of honor killing in our country are reflecting that this is a death that is awarded to a man or woman of the family for marrying against the parents wishes, having extramarital and premarital relationships, marrying within the same gotra (Brahmins use gotra for deciding marriages) or outside ones caste or marrying a cousin from a different caste. In fact we have had a tradition of honor killing. This tradition was first viewed in its most horrible form during the Partition of the country in between the years 1947 and 1950 when many women were forcefully killed so that family honor could be preserved. During the Partition, there were a lot of forced marriages which were causing women from India to marry men from Pakistan and vice-versa. And then there was a search to hunt down these women who were forced to marry a person from another country and another religion and when they returned home they were killed so that the family honor could be preserved and they w ere not declared social outcastes from their region. At that time, the influence of religion and social control was much greater and hence there were at least a couple of honor killings a day, if not more. The partition years can be seen to be the beginning of the tradition of honor killing on a large scale. The misconception about honor killing is that this is a practice that is limited to the rural areas. The truth is that it is spread over such a large geographical area that we cannot isolate honor killings to rural areas only, though one has to admit that majority of the killings take place in the rural areas. But it has also been seen recently that even the metropolitan cities like Delhi and Tamil Nadu are not safe from this crime because 5 honor killings were reported from Delhi and in Tamil Nadu; a daughter and son in law were killed due to marriage into the same gotra. The second misconception regarding honor killing is that it has religious roots. Even if a woman commits adultery, there have to be four male witnesses with good behavior and reputation to validate the charge. Furthermore only the State can carry out judicial punishments, but never an individual vigilante. So, we can clearly see that there is no religious backing or religious roots for this heinous crime. Reasons of honor killing Sociologists believe that the reason why honor killings continue to take place is because of the continued rigidity of the caste system. The fear of losing their caste status through which they gain many benefits makes them commit this heinous crime. The other reason why honor killings are taking place is because the mentality of people has not changed and they just cannot accept that marriages can take place in the same gotra or outside ones caste. The root of the cause for the increase in the number of honor killings is because the formal governance has not been able to reach the rural areas and as a result. Thus, this practice continues though it should have been removed by now. Honor killing in different states of India and communities Honor killings have been reported in northern regions of India, mainly in the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, as a result of people marrying without their familys acceptance, and sometimes for marrying outside their caste or religion. In contrast, honor killings are rare to non-existent in South India and the western Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. In some other parts of India, notably West Bengal, honor killings ceased about a century ago, largely due to the activism and influence of reformists such as Vivekananda, Ramakrishna, Vidyasagar and Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Among Rajputs, marriages with members of other castes can provoke the killing of the married couple and immediate family members. This form of honor killing is attributed to Rajput culture and traditional views on the perceived purity of a lineage. The Indian state of Punjab has a large number of honor killings. According to data compiled by the Punjab Police, 34 honor killings were reported in the state between 2008 and 2010: 10 in 2008, 20 in 2009, and four in 2010. Haryana and Uttarakhand are also notorious for incidents of honor killing, mainly in the upper caste of society, among rajputs and jaats. Bhagalpur in the eastern Indian state of Bihar has also been notorious for honor killings. Recent cases include a 16-year-old girl, Imrana, from Bhojpur who was set on fire inside her house in a case of what the police called moral vigilantism. The victim had screamed for help for about 20 minutes before neighbours arrived, only to find her smouldering body. She was admitted to a local hospital, where she later died from her injuries. In May 2008, Jayvirsingh Bhadodiya shot his daughter Vandana Bhadodiya and struck her on the head with an axe. In June 2010 some incidents were reported even from Delhi. In a landmark judgment in March 2010, Karnal district court ordered the execution of five perpetrators of an honor killing in Kaithal, and imprisoning for life the khap (local caste-based council) chief who ordered the killings of Manoj Banwala (23) and Babli (19), a man and woman of the same clan who eloped and married in June 2007. Despite having been given police protection on court orders, they were kidnapped; their mutilated bodies were found a week later in an irrigation canal. Fight against honor crimes: A tale of five girls Mukesh Malik 28 Mukesh became eyesore of her family members when in 2006 she told about her wish for inter-caste marriage.I was jailed in my own house for three months, she said.According to Mukesh, her parents did not like her idea for an inter-caste marriage. Then, they started looking a boy of their choice for me but I preferred to leave the village, she added. A degree holder in mass communication, Mukesh joined a vernacular for her livelihood. Though, after some time she left the job and started working for a woman organization, AIDWA. On March 29, 2011, she finally married a journalist, who is not from her catse. Seema 25 Seemas brother Manoj alongwith his wife Babli were killed for marrying in the same gotra. A constable in Haryana police, Seema alongwith her mother is fighting for justice in the courts against the killers. They are pitted against khap panchayats across the region and the political establishment. She is living under police protection. Monika, 20 Monika, a graduation student of a Sonipat college, was reportedly married to Gaurav Saini of Delhi in 2009. In the documentary, Gaurav tells about Monicas struggle to lead an independent life and the subsequent problems their marriage faced since they belonged to different castes. Anjali Chahal, 24 Anjali sees education as a way to break out of the arranged marriage and domestic life her family wants for her. Her M.Phil thesis, on honour crimes, is her answer to the voice of tradition. Despite the proliferating educational standards and economic prosperity, the society and I say the civil society including the niche, where I come from, justify the killings in the name of so-called honor. My hunch is to unravel the underlying reasons and desires of the aggressiveness of this particular community in Haryana. Geetika, 20 Geetika, a student of Delhi University, directs a street play on honour crimes. She approaches the play keeping in mind her own need to question the belief systems she was heir to. Legal Terming the practice of khap panchayats of handing down punishment to couples who go for sagotra or inter-caste marriage as flagrant violation of the law, the Law Commission came up with a draft legislation which seeks to make such acts a non-bailable offence. The Home Ministry had made proposal to amend Sec 300 of the IPC to define honour killing as separate crime. Out of 28 states, 18 have responded with Haryana opposing any such move and states like UP, Delhi and Rajasthan supporting the idea. On 5  August 2010, in a Parliament session, Chidambaram proposed a bill that included public stripping of women and externment of young couples from villages and any act which is humiliating will be punished with severity' There is also a proposal to amend the Evidence Act, Code of Criminal Procedure and the Special Marriage Act to check the menace of honour killing through a draft bill The Indian Penal Code and Certain Other Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2010, government sources told PTI. The law commission of India has said there is no need to alter the definition of murder under Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) to deal with honour killings. The commission is prima facie of the view that there is no need for introducing a provision in Section 300 IPC in order to bring the so-called honour killings within the ambit of this provision, the panel said in a consultation paper. The motive behind killing a person does not furnish real justification to introduce a separate provision in Section 300. Probably, the addition of such a clause may create confusion and interpretational difficulties, The panel was particularly concerned in view of the reported proposal to shift the onus of proof in such cases from the prosecution to the defence i.e. the accused. This means the accused would be deemed guilty until he is able to prove his innocence during trial. The panel, however, agreed that there was a need to deal with the problem. In what could preempt such offences, the panel suggested that unlawful assembly of people for taking action in case of marriages against the mandate of the society should be made an offence punishable under law. In June 2010, scrutinizing the increasing number of honor killings, the Supreme Court of India issued notices to the Central Government and six states including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan to take preventive measures against honor killings. Alarmed by the rise of honor killings, the Government planned to bring a bill in the Monsoon Session of Parliament July 2010 to provide for deterrent punishment for honor killings International aspect of honor killing Its worth mentioning here that Honor Killing is not specifically related to India only. This is a practice that continues to be prevailing in North and South America, Africa, Turkey and many other countries. But the thing that has to be kept in mind is that the number of incidents relating to this crime is very low and there is a very strict punishment for committing this crime in other countries. Many womens groups in the Middle East and Southwest Asia suspect that more than 20,000 women are killed each year. Changing cultural and economic status of women has also been used to explain the occurrences of honor killings. Women in largely patriarchal cultures who have gained economic independence from their families go against their male-dominated culture. Some researchers argue that the shift towards greater responsibility for women and less for their fathers may cause their male family members to act in oppressive and sometimes violent manners in order to regain authority. This change of culture can also be seen to have an effect in Western cultures such as Britain where honor killings often arise from women seeking greater independence and adopting seemingly Western values. For women who trace their ancestry back to the Middle East or South Asia, wearing clothes that are considered Western, having a boyfriend, or refusing to accept an arranged marriage are all offenses that can and have led to an honor killing. Countries where the law is interpreted to allow men to kill female relatives in a premeditated effort as well as for crimes of passions, in flagrante delicto in the act of committing adultery, include: Haiti: Article 269 of the penal code states in the case of adultery as provided for in Article 284, the murder by a husband of his wife and/or her partner, immediately upon discovering them in flagrante delicto in the conjugal abode, is to be pardoned. Jordan: Part of article 340 of the Penal Code states that he who discovers his wife or one of his female relatives committing adultery and kills, wounds, or injures one of them, is exempted from any penalty. This has twice been put forward for cancellation by the government, but was retained by the Lower House of the Parliament, in 2003: a year in which at least seven honor killings took place. Article 98 of the Penal Code is often cited alongside Article 340 in cases of honor killings. Article 98 stipulates that a reduced sentence is applied to a person who kills another person in a fit of fury'. Countries that allow men to kill female relatives in flagrante delicto (but without premeditation) include: Syria: In 2009, Article 548 of the Syrian Law code was amended. Beforehand, the article waived any punishment for males who committed murder on a female family member for inappropriate sex acts. Article 548 states that He who catches his wife or one of his ascendants, descendants or sister committing adultery (flagrante delicto) or illegitimate sexual acts with another and he killed or injured one or both of them benefits from a reduced penalty, that should not be less than 2 years in prison in case of a killing. Article 192 states that a judge may opt for reduced punishments (such as short-term imprisonment) if the killing was done with an honorable intent. In addition to this, Article 242 says that a judge may reduce a sentence for murders that were done in rage and caused by an illegal act committed by the victim. Countries that allow husbands to kill only their wives in flagrante delicto (based upon the Napoleonic code) include: Morocco: Revisions to Moroccos criminal code in 2003 helped improve womens legal status by eliminating unequal sentencing in adultery cases. Article 418 of the penal code granted extenuating circumstances to a husband who kills, injures, or beats his wife and/or her partner, when catching them in flagrante delicto while committing adultery. While this article has not been repealed, the penalty for committing this crime is at least now the same for both genders. In two Latin American countries, similar laws were struck down over the past two decades: according to human rights lawyer Julie Mertus in Brazil, until 1991 wife killings were considered to be non-criminal honor killings; in just one year, nearly eight hundred husbands killed their wives. Similarly, in Colombia, until 1980, a husband legally could kill his wife for committing adultery. Countries where honor killing is not legal but is known to occur include: Italy: Article 133 and 62 of the Italian Penal Code offer the possibility of reduced sentencing and punishment for crimes that occur within the offenders cultural norms. In the case of honor killings and other honor related crimes, these articles could possibly allow for honor killing offenders to justify the murder with claims that the killing was done because of cultural traditions. Italian Parliament member, Souad Sbai, suggested in 2010 that Italy amend these articles so that honor killings do not have extra protection under Italian law. Turkey: In Turkey, persons found guilty of this crime are sentenced to life in prison. There are well documented cases, where Turkish courts have sentenced whole families to life imprisonment for an honor killing. The most recent was on January 13, 2009, where a Turkish Court sentenced five members of the same Kurdish family to life imprisonment for the honor killing of Naile Erdas, 16, who got pregnant as a result of rape. Pakistan: Honor killings are known as karo kari. The practice is supposed to be prosecuted under ordinary killing, but in practice police and prosecutors often ignore it. Often a man must simply claim the killing was for his honor and he will go free. Nilofar Bakhtiar, advisor to Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, stated that in 2003, as many as 1,261 women were killed in honor killings. The Hudood Ordinances of Pakistan, enacted in 1979 by then ruler General Zia-ul-Haq, created laws that realigned Pakistani rule with Islamic law. The law had the effect of reducing the legal protections for women, especially regarding sex outside of the marriage. Women who made accusations of rape, after this law, were required to provide four male witnesses. If unable to do this, the alleged rape could not be prosecuted in the courts. Because the woman had admitted to sex outside of marriage, however, she could be punished for having sex outside of the marriage, a punishment that ranged from stoning to pu blic lashing. This law made it that much more risky for women to come forward with accusations of rape. In 2006, the Womens Protection Bill amended these Hudood Ordinances by removing four male witnesses as a requirement for rape allegations. On December 8, 2004, under international and domestic pressure, Pakistan enacted a law that made honor killings punishable by a prison term of seven years, or by the death penalty in the most extreme cases. Womens rights organizations were, however, wary of this law as it stops short of outlawing the practice of allowing killers to buy their freedom by paying compensation to the victims relatives. Womens rights groups claimed that in most cases it is the victims immediate relatives who are the killers, so inherently the new law is just whitewash. It did not alter the provisions whereby the accused could negotiate pardon with the victims family under the Islamic provisions. In March 2005 the Pakistani parliament rejected a bill which sought to s trengthen the law against the practice of honor killing. However, the bill was brought up again, and in November 2006, it passed. It is doubtful whether or not the law would actually help women. Egypt: A number of studies on honor crimes by The Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, includes one which reports on Egypts legal system, noting a gender bias in favor of men in general, and notably article 17 of the Penal Code: judicial discretion to allow reduced punishment in certain circumstance, often used in honor killings case. Conclusion What can we do to prevent such a thing from happening? Firstly, the mentality of the people has to change. And when we say that the mentality has to change, we mean to say that parents should accept their childrens wishes regarding marriage as it is they who have to lead a life with their life partners and if they are not satisfied with their life partner then they will lead a horrible married life which might even end in suicide. Parents might be right sometimes but killing own children in the name of honor doesnt leads to honor instead give birth to another crime. I would like to quote an example that if one cow is black in color, the other is brown, this one is white, another is black and whiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦yet the milk from all of them is white in color. All are different paths to one destination. We live in a Universe and not Multi-verse. The man god created was not supposed to be divided and the discrimination in any form is the lowest understanding of life. Secondly, we need to have stricter laws to tackle these kinds of killings as this is a crime which cannot be pardoned because Humans do not have the right to write down death sentences of innocent fellow humans. Its alarming time and the need is toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Stir our soul, arouse our mind, the truth is awakening. Is there any justification? Does our Hindu Religion support such brutal acts? Well, who cares for the Dharma! Honor killing is related more too social clout and less to the religion. What is the Indian government doing then? It is yet to get acquainted with the changing reality! Even if it becomes, nothing is going to happen. The government structure remains vulnerable to the whims of power and muscles. Whats the solution then? Honor killing is going to be in full swing. At last I would like to pray, Into that HEAVEN OF FREEDOM, my FATHER, let my country awakeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦

Fate or Free will Romeo and Juliet Essay

Fate: Is it just an excuse? Excuses are something people use to clear themselves or others of the blame of their own foolish actions. In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, it is not fate, but impulsive and desperate actions that bring about the downfall of Romeo and Juliet. In the Victorian era, fate was known as the development of events out of human control, and determined by a supernatural power. By no means was the demise of Romeo and Juliet out their control. It happened because of the choices they themselves to make. Romeo always blames his own reckless actions on fate. Romeo is warned not to go to the masquerade party but tells fate to â€Å"steerage of [his] course† and â€Å"direct [his] sail† and goes anyway. Romeo knows himself that he will die if he goes but still chooses to go. Romeo decides that whatever happens is up to fate and it’s completely out of his control. Also, after killing Tybalt, he calls himself â€Å"Fortune’s fool† and realizes he will be punished severely (Rom 3.1.142). Romeo is basically says he is a subject to the whims of fate. He thinks fate is playing around with him and not taking responsibility for what he himself did. However when he hears of Juliet’s â€Å"death† Romeo tries to â€Å"defy the stars† and kills himself (5.1.25). Romeo is taking responsibility for his actions by trying to defy his â€Å"fate† and finally taking thing into his own hands. This doesn’t work, since he didn’t bo ther to check if Juliet was still alive and just kills himself in his attempt to be together with her, even if it’s in death. Romeo uses fate to justify his actions and say that a power outside of his control fueled his action, but instead everything was just his impulsive choices. Juliet makes reckless and impulsive actions knowing very well what the consequences could be, and then blames it on her unavoidable fate. When Juliet first sees Romeo at the party, Juliet tells the nurse to â€Å"go ask [for his] name. If he be married† and says that her grave is â€Å"like to be [her] wedding bed†, foreshadowing her own death (1.5.148). Juliet wants to know if Romeo is married, and she is just a thirteen year old girl who saw Romeo the first time in her life. Juliet is the one that eventually proposes to Romeo, and she does this knowing to be married means her own death. When Romeo  visits Juliet on her balcony that night, she says she has â€Å"no joy of this contract tonight, it is too rash, too unadvised, [and] too sudden’ about Romeo swearing his love to her. Even before they are married, Juliet already knows their actions are impulsive. Combined with the fact that she even foreshadows her own death, she still rashly decides to marry Rome o. This wedding was by her own choice and not like the one where her parents force her to marry Paris. In addition, after Romeo leaves Juliet after their only night together, Juliet pleads to fate to â€Å"be fickle†, and to â€Å"not keep him long, but to send him back† to her (3.5.63). She also hopes that since Romeo is â€Å"renown’d for faith† unlike fate (which is fickle) fortune should be kind to him. She is excusing his killing of her cousin Tybalt with the fact that fate is unreliable and unpredictable. It wasn’t fate being unpredictable, it was Romeo losing his cool and acting rashly. Juliet shows that she knows the consequences of her actions, but goes forth with them anyways. Friar Lawrence’s reckless actions brought together the deaths, and he blames them on fate. When Friar John tells him that the letter couldn’t be sent, Frair Lawrence decides to blame it on â€Å"unhappy fortune† and not himself (5.2.17). He is a grown man, but decides to let Friar John travel alone to deliver the message. Instead of sending the message himself, he gives the crutial task to people that aren’t even involved. Knowing this, he blames his own blatant fault on fate being unhappy. Also, when Friar Lawrence walks in to see both Paris and Romeo dead, he says it is â€Å"lamentable chance† that they are dead (5.3.151). Again, fate is blamed for something easily avoided. He is saying that it was out of his control that the two died, but Frair Lawrence was the one who married them and masterminded the plan in the first place. Not only that, when Juliet awakens the Friar tells her â€Å"a power greater than [they] can contradict has thwarted [t heir] intents† and as a result, Romeo is now dead (5.3.158). When he talks about a power that could not be resisted he is talking about fate and how fate ruined the plan to reunite Romeo and Juliet. He was the one that botched the sending of the message to Romeo. The Friar just doesn’t take any responsibility at all for his actions and opts instead to blame uncontrollable forces. Throughout Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the characters’ own impetuous and  brash choices, not fate, bring about the deaths. Characters repeatedly used fate as an excuse by saying the series of events were completely out of their control. In contrast, everything could have been avoided if the characters just decided to think rationally. By having them blame fate, Shakespeare is asserting that people need to take responsibility for their own actions. They should realize it is their own choices that affect the future, not fate. People’s destinies can be changed, and it is not predetermined by an all-powerful force.

Effects on Performance Management

Effects on Performance Management and the Company when Nepotism and Cronyism is Present. Cronyism is Present. Whether deliberate or unintentional, workplace nepotism and cronyism threatens positive corporate culture as well as the company's overall performance management. Managers who give special treatment to their family members or their favorites decrease the morale of the other employees and do not pay attention to the areas of need that the employee may be facing in their Job performance.Finding yourself on the non-receiving end of desirable assignments can be rough-?especially when the recipient also lacks adequate employment lubrications. The organization being discussed is a relatively small organization; there are approximately twenty full-time employees and seventeen part-time employees. The organization serves adults with developmental disabilities on cite and in the community. They are a non-profit organization and rely on state funded money as well as fundraisers.Their p erformance evaluation they work with does not have any weight when considering raises or pay scale. There have been two directors in the last ten years and both directors suffered from performance management issues. However, since the latest director has been in charge the organizational culture is also changing rapidly. The previous director hired her daughter and the daughter's best friend. When both were hired neither had the required skills to perform their duties. They both rapidly moved up the ladder of success during the director's time.A couple of years prior to the director's retirement an â€Å"assistant director† position was created to train the upcoming replacement. She also happened to be a family friend. This friend had experience as a support coordinator and some college experience. After the new director took over, the entire center seemed to be recreated. The â€Å"daughter† was made a program manager and the â€Å"friend† was made a program ma nager. Once these positions were filled and time went on, cronyism became very visible among the center staff.The â€Å"daughter† had now been moved into an â€Å"invented position† since she was unable to perform her managerial duties, as told to staff, yet her salary and status seemed to remain intact. The â€Å"friend† however seemed to shine brighter daily and chain of command communicated regularly. The morale of the organization started falling and stories and complaints traveled quickly between staff. It was starting to be evident that the word â€Å"team† did not exist. If rooms needed assistance, coverage, or other types of conflict arose there was not anyone to come and offer support.The staff knew they had to call the program manager per chain of command but she was never available. After months of back and forth from trying to get answers from the director and when questioned, the program manager, who also happens to have tightened the bond of friendship with this director would lie and say it is handled or Just not show up when needed the staff began feeling like no matter how much they complained or tried fixing the situation the director valued the friendships more than the organizations culture all together.Every year when it is time to do performance evaluations the direct support staff would cringe. They all knew that no matter what was on the form that they signed it did not matter because â€Å"if† there was a raise to be given, it would be a standard 1%-3% across the board. The facts that the â€Å"mangers† actually had a larger salary increased their raises due to the percentage factor.This past year most staff filled out their own evaluations and wrote their own goal to work towards the following year and the managers Just signed off and passed to the director. The character of cronyism is proactive and dynamic. Goanna (1991) notes that loyalty has two true-hearted dimensions: emotional and behav ioral. The emotional aspect of loyalty results from gratitude. Since emotions are invisible, one's loyalty is evaluated through the behavioral dimension.In situations where loyalty is a highly valued characteristic, individuals tend to display loyal behaviors in order to receive positive evaluations and personal benefits, in this case no consequences for not being supportive to the program staff or not being held accountable for her lack of performance. Additionally, it may not be easy to distinguish between behaviors hat emerge from true-hearted gratitude and behaviors that result purely from â€Å"impression management. † That is why this definition of cronyism is based on the notion of perceived loyalty.The lower ranked employees are likely to play an active role. For instance, a program staff may want to influence the perception her supervisor by uncritically agreeing with the program manager on work or non-work related issues or by speaking highly of that program manager in the presence of the director of the center. (Deluge and Perry, 1994). This perceived loyalty plays a major factor when the yearly evaluations roll around. Since there is not clear Job descriptions or expectations in any area of the organization there would not be anything to effectively measure or evaluate.Popularity or convenience plays more of a role. When the evaluations rotate through the managers, they have many other things that rank higher in priority so it is usually rushed through and passed back to the director to file. In a healthy organizational culture personal relationships and loyalty, to a certain degree, may be functional and does not necessarily breed cronyism. Coffee and Jones (1996), argue that sociability, which refers to sincere approachability among members f an organization, raises morale, fosters teamwork, and promotes creativity.However, when the stress on relationships is so great that it is turned into strong in- group bias and when loyalty becomes un reserved, cronyism is likely to occur. There is a more complex system of social interactions that arise spontaneously as people associate with one another. Dissimilar to the formal structure, which accentuates official positions in terms of authority and responsibility, the informal structure emphasizes people and their unofficial relationships (Newsroom and Davis, 1993).The informal system develops to fulfill needs that cannot be met by the formal system. Increasing informal relationships with the right people, which may include subordinates, peers, and superiors, can be a useful means of acquiring power Nouns, 1992). The coupled relationship between the superior and subordinate in the context of cronyism tends to be governed by their personal ties rather than assigned Job duties or responsibilities.These casual relationships may override organizational hierarchy and involve an element of â€Å"power-seeking,† where individuals exchange ore than friendship among themselves t o further individual goals that cannot be met through formal channels. Studies suggest that the mere act of categorizing people as â€Å"cliques† and out-groups have a tendency to result in favoritism (Teasel et al. , 1971; Turner et al. , 1983). Clique members are given high levels of trust, interaction, support and rewards while out-group members receive low levels of each and often denied valuable opportunities (Vehicle, 1997).These behaviors breed a competition among the staff that creates stress among the employees since they hank that if they are not a member of that clique or friendship they may not get any of the â€Å"rewards† they feel those clique members receive. Some examples of this description within the organization is when an instructor, someone with no authority, brings gifts or constantly offering flattering compliments to feel as though she is in the â€Å"clique† status and when an opportunity arises like a special outing or work opportunity that is praise worthy she usually gets it.The opposite end of the spectrum however is the employee that constantly goes above and beyond her jugular Job duties to help others and seems knowledgeable of her position gets constantly overlooked for promotions, raises, or passed by because she chooses to focus more in her Job rather than the social side of relationships. Personal loyalty toward the program manager or director is different from loyalty to the organization or organizational commitment.The director or program manager's cronies may not be committed to the organization as a whole. In fact, the increase of a deep sense of obligation toward the director or program manager may surpass connection toward the organization (Chem. and Francesco, 2000). An example could be that if the director leaves the organization, her cronies will try to follow suit. Being trusted supporters, â€Å"clique† members of a work unit tend to cultivate a feeling of gratitude towards the program manager or director.These same employees are likely to be pleased with their work due to the existence of receptive bonds in their working relationships. These same employees shared motivational factors and experienced less role-related stress like Job overload, insufficiency, ambiguity, or conflict. Unfortunately, out-group employees who do not possess these same connections seem to have lower Job distraction because even if they are the â€Å"cream of the crop,† their chances of climbing the ladder of success are slim.This has an antagonistic impact on their sense of self-worth as they become trapped in organizations that require friendships to â€Å"earn† promotions (Hurley et al. , 1997). This reason alone should be evidence enough that performance evaluations should be considered more serious than they are in this particular company. They are likely to feel a sense of inequality when they perceive that in-group members, regardless of competency, manage to be prom oted much faster than they do.It is not surprising to find that out-group members are more likely to file grievances (Coleman et al. , 1993). The clique group of employees is likely to show low commitment to the organization. This is where prominence on loyalty to the director or manager may transform into negative organizational performance when the directors personal goals struggle with those of the organization. Although cultural influence plays an important part here, the practice of cronyism, with its stress on loyalty toward management rather than the organization, greatly emphasizes such influence.When the company's strategic plan ND evaluation standards are stated to be practiced one way in the personnel handbook and the actual actions of the management staff proves otherwise the staff could view that situation as an opportunity to slack on their personal performance and not care whether or not the company actual succeeds or not. Obligation is related to organizational depen dability or the degree to which an organization is perceived to be looking after the interests of its employees in practices such as Job security and career development (Buchanan, 1974; Steers, 1977).Due to in-group bias, the hard work of out-group members is often unrecognized by their previous. Furthermore, out-group members do not experience the Job security and preferred rewards in-group members enjoy. They are often overlooked in terms of opportunities for personal achievement. While in-group members are delegated key roles in the organization, and the out-group members are merely assigned peripheral functions that are easily expendable (Change, 1999).Ingratiation, an attempt by individuals to increase their attractiveness in the eyes of others, is one particular rising influence strategy whereby ingratiation behaviors are driven by attempts to influence someone higher in the formal hierarchy of an organization Porter et al. , 1983). Loyalty is adored in cronyism; employees may openly reaffirm the manager's views and defend her appearance and prestige. They may also acknowledge the power distance in the hierarchy ladder and show their submissiveness in order to win the manager or directors heart (Fisher, 1977).The noticeable benefit associated with the in-group status encourages ingratiation behaviors. In addition to having impacts on individuals working in an organization, it can also greatly impact the clientele the organization serves; cronyism also produces significant consequences at the group or organizational level. Personal feelings can seriously bias Judgment. Positive affect toward employees makes managers less likely to give them negative performance feedback. With this being said, incompetence among in-group members has a tendency to be hidden and covered up in the organization.Since in-group members are rewarded on the basis of loyalty rather than competence, they do not see the need to excel and may at best achieve average performance. Addit ionally, these same employees tend to channel their energy and attention to ingratiating themselves with the manager or director or other related political behaviors. This ultimately distracts the employee from completing their proper Job duties (Coffee and Jones, 1996). Talent, which would otherwise rise to the top, is blocked and stifled by lack of opportunity. This leads to talented people leaving the organization.The constant leeching away of talent inevitably weakens the strength of the organization (Redding and Whish, 1993). Finally, the quality of decision making is a victim of cronyism. Any leader who is surrounded by â€Å"yes men† is unable to benefit from the diverse perspectives, experience, and knowledge of their employees. Worse still, with stress on conformity, ideas are unlikely to be fined and improved through group discussion and debate. The result of having such differentiated treatment can cause hostility between the two groups, consequently harmfully affe cting their cooperation and sense of teamwork.Progressively, the relation between the in-group and out-group employees suffers as the unjustified practices continue, and the leader's cronies are perceived to be getting more benefits than deserved (You kill, 1994). Over time, the morale of the out- group will be eroded by their feelings of alienation, powerlessness, and inequity as favoritism of in-group employees renders the relationship between performance and reward less obvious (Preponderates and Topple, 1996). Cronyism stems from the fact that management is able to manipulate rewards and punishments for their employees.The greater their ability to do so, the greater is the personal dependence of employees on them. Missies, (1998) maintains that favored â€Å"clique† treatment may be reduced by making evaluation criteria explicit, objective, and public. To sum up, presence of competent managers and directors are likely to reduce crony behaviors. It is instinctual that comp etent managers tend to reward and promote competency among their employees. But, incompetent managers and directors would feel heartened by competent employees, and inevitably drive away competent employees (Bodleian and Ramekins, 1998).Preponderates (1993) notes that â€Å"yes men† tend to be concentrated among less able workers and among workers with less able managers. In conclusion, the organizational problem of nepotism eventually stemmed to accepted cronyism. By management allowing this to take place the employees began feeling resentment and the organizations moral dropped dramatically. In this particular organization, the clientele are the main ones affected by these behaviors to take place.

Lord of the Flies2 essays

Lord of the Flies2 essays Lord of the Flies, is the story of a group of boys of different backgrounds who are stranded on an unknown island when their plane crashes. As the boys try to formulate a plan to get rescued, they begin to separate, and a band of savage tribal hunters are formed. Eventually the boys almost entirely shake off the civilization of the world they once knew. When all the confusion of behaviour leads them to a manhunt the reader realizes the sudden decay of law and order and loss of civilization when adults aren`t among them. Which also brings out the underlying savage side existent in all humans. In Lord of the Flies, there were numerous themes that were portrayed throughout the novel. The Need for Civilisation, is the most obvious theme. Our beliefs were always lead to believe that man is innocent and that our society is evil. But what the statement is hiding from our peers is that without laws, rules, and order, our world would revert to a more primitive part of his nature. Which of course is a more darker and cruel place to live our lives. "There aren`t any grown-ups. We shall have to look after ourselves."1 The Innocence and the Loss of It is the existence of civilization that allows man to remain in captivity with his innocence or ignorance about his true nature. Although man needs civilization, it is also important that he be aware of his primal instincts. As William Golding the author of Lord of the Flies stated, "This loss of innocence by coming to terms with reality is necessary if humanity is to survive" Which is, to reach true maturity you must first realizes the reality of our world today, as it is not the same as it was many years ago. "I`m not going to be part of Ralph`s lot He looked along the right-hand logs, numbering the hunters that had been a choir. I`m going off by myself. He can catch his own pigs. Anyone who wants to hunt when I do can come too. He blu ...

Scarlett letter essays

Scarlett letter essays In the novel, The scarlet letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne arrives at colony where she is accused of adultery due to a love affair with minister Dimmesdale. As a result of this affair is their daughter Pearl. She is sentenced to wear a scarlet letter, which symbolizes her sin. The Puritan society turns her into an outsider due to her sinful action. The characters actions, throughout the text, convey the themes of hypocrisy and the inherent viciousness of the human spirit. One of the romantic elements that is used by Hawthorne, is the love between Hester Prynne and Mr. Dimmsdale. Knowing that their love is forbidden and looked down upon , they choose to follow their hearts and accepting the future consequences. The author acknowledges Hesters strength and bravery. She does not reveal her partners identity and decides to take the blame upon herself. Wondrous strength and generosity of a womans heart !She will not speak! (Pg48) Even though Hester is tortured by her feelings for Mr. Dimmsdale, she accepts and faces the consequences like a courages woman. Hester proves her courage when the chance to flee her sentence and remove the scarlet letter, is presented to her . If she would reveal her daughters father, all shame would be removed, but decides to see the letter as a moment of the past. However the Puritan society did not see Hester as a courages woman, they viewed her and her sin as a threat to the community that should be punished and suppressed. This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die ...is there no virture in woman. (Pg36). Although they did not think about what feelings Hester had for her lover or her needs as a woman. They blame her blindley and their answer to Hester sin is to ostracize her. Although the puritan society does not acknowledged their love for each other. Both Hester and Dimmsdale have learned and grow ...

Financial Markets Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Disaster Risk Reduction Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Disaster Risk Reduction - Research Proposal Example Actually, disasters in informal settlements are not theoretical in nature. Probable disasters in informal settlements include an explosion of fuel storage units, the release of toxic chemical wastes from industrial processes, water pollution by heavy metals, a collapse of buildings, and earthquakes (MASKREY, 2013). Primarily, informal settlements, especially slums are heavily congested. For example, the Kibera slums in Kenya have a population of 8 times its official capacity. The Kenyan slum is built on top of a petroleum pipeline network. On September 12, 2011, one of the oil pipes ruptured, prompting the poor slum dwellers to salvage the spilling valuable commodity. Suddenly, the pipeline exploded, killing approximately 121 people in an instant, and injuring thousands of others (PELLING & WISNER, 2012). Similar accidents have occurred in other parts of the world, especially in the infamous slums of Guatemala. Allegedly, Guatemala slums lack clean water and sewage systems. Researche rs have termed some of the Guatemala slums as breeding grounds for infectious diseases, especially cholera and malaria. At this juncture, it is admissible that proper prediction and interpretation methods are necessary for the prevention and mitigation of such informal settlement disasters.This research will be conducted within the boundaries of a practical environmental impact assessment exercise, particularly the prediction and interpretation steps using data mining technique as a computer-aided method.

The Enlightenment in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Enlightenment in America - Research Paper Example American enlightenment started in the 18 century. It reached the country through the port cities. At the beginning of the enlightenment period, only the elite had embraced the new ways of thinking. Famous philosophers spread enlightenment ideas throughout the country during that time. An example of the philosophers was Benjamin Franklin. He spread ideas using cheap materials such as pamphlets and newspapers. The enlightenment ideas started in Europe, but Europeans took a long time to implement the ideas because they had to discuss the implementation of the ideas. Americans adopted the ideas faster than Europe. They started to question the relevance of kings and churches in the era. This resulted into the introduction of the new theology which the educate elite in the society named the rational Christianity1. The rational Christianity theology influenced people from different religions in the society to tolerate each other. This is because new theology made them to accept the idea that God gave human the ability to think rationally. This increased humans’ understanding that enabled them to live according to the moral teachings without considering their religious backgrounds. This made many Americans to embrace Deism that was a belief that is influenced by reason instead of religious teachings like in the past. This belief held that our Creator made the world and the natural laws that are meant to maintain it. It is the duty of humans to ensure that they maintain the world using the natural laws. In the past, people in the country believed that humans were guided by God’s supernatural powers. However, during the enlightenment period, people started to believe that humans are guided by their reasoning ability. The ability is a gift that God gave them, but not supernatural pow ers. Thomas Jefferson was among those who embraced the new philosophy. The beliefs led to the introduction of new laws aligned with the

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas Carol Essay As regrets had taken place and thoughtfulness had also entered his mind. Another place that Scrooge was brought to that night was a Christmas Eve party that Scrooges old boss had thrown and the spirit enlightens Scrooge on the fact that everybody was joyful, happy and merry and what the spirit told Scrooge was that this party must have come to three or four pounds back then and Scrooge had realised that the happiness is as such as though a fortune had provided it but this was not the case as is was not a fortune that was needed for this joy. This is Scrooges first recognition of the value of money. The Second Spirit The description of the second spirit is of a large, fat man in a robe sitting on a throne with delicious food surrounding him. Through this Dickens outlines Scrooges greedy nature in the present moment. As this spirit brings Scrooge through where he lives they see the bakers and Scrooge asks whether there is a peculiar flavour in what the spirit sprinkles from his torch and the spirit replies, There is. My own Scrooge then asks if it would apply to any kind of dinner on this day and the spirit replies, To any kindly given. To a poor one most. Scrooge asks why and the spirit tells him that the poor one needs the dinner the most. This must have made Scrooge realise that this is true and that he had not realised. Another part of this chapter that moves Scrooges feelings is when he is reminded of the evil words he has spoken from the Christmas Eve, which is, If he be like to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. The spirit says these words to Scrooge at a time where they are visiting the Bob Cratchits household. After hearing the spirits words Scrooge begins to feel remorse and shame. At this time Scrooge is feeling more and more emotional and he is also feeling sympathetic for those he has hurt during the holidays and especially for Bob Cratchit his employee after hearing the way Bob speaks of him with great respect unlike the way his wife does, Mr Scrooge! Said Bob. Ill give you Mr Scrooge, the founder of the feast! these few words tell us that Bob has recognition of the fact that the meal in front of him wouldnt be there if it wasnt for Scrooge himself. How Mrs. Cratchit speaks is different, I wish I had him here. Id give him a piece of my mind to feast upon, and I hope hed have a good appetite for it on which one drinks the health of such and odious, stingy, hard, unfeeling man as Mr Scrooge. Mrs. Cratchit obviously knows exactly how Scrooge is or maybe how he used to be. Towards the end of the second spirits time Scrooge is brought to his nephews Christmas party that Scrooge was invited to but unfortunately Scrooge had turned down his nephew to go home instead. While Scrooge is at the party he hears more of how people speak of him behind his back but this time it is his own nephew, I am sorry for him; I couldnt be angry with him if I tried. Who suffers by his ill whims? I mean to give him the same chance every year, whether he likes it or not, for I pity him. What his nephew says here must of got to Scrooge for sure. Right at the end of this paragraph there is a time at which the spirit unveils to children from his robe and he describes the little boy as ignorant and the little girl as poor. From Scrooges mouth he tries to say that the children are fine children but the words choke themselves. Scrooge cannot deny the fact that the children were not fine and had a bad personification. Just as the spirit leaves Scrooge he leaves Scrooge with the words, Are there no prisons? Are there no workhouses? which is also what Scrooge had said at his shop on Christmas Eve to a couple of charity workers. I now noticed that it was all backfiring at Scrooge all of his bad ways in the past had started coming back to him and he then gets a vision in his mind of when Marley had visited him just before the third spirit arrives to him. The Third Spirit The first glimpse of information that you gather about the third spirit is that the spirit is a phantom gliding along like mist which is as though it is taken out of a horror movie, lifting up his eyes, beheld a solemn Phantom, draped and hooded, coming like a mist along the ground towards him. This is what would make somebody very scared especially as it during the night as all of the spirits visit him within the night of Christmas Eve and Christmas Day as Marley tells Scrooge so, Expect the first tomorrow when the bell tolls One Expect the second on the night at the same hour. The third, upon the next night when the last stroke of twelve has ceased to vibrate. The description of the Phantom is that of the Grim Reaper, It was shrouded in a deep black garment, which its head, its face, its form, and left nothing of it visible. This description makes me certainly feel that this Phantom resembled death by every means of its appearance and also that this last visit had something to do with death. After a visit from Marley, the first Spirit showing past and the second showing present Scrooge was very keen on listening in carefully to the third spirit a phantom showing him his future. It is almost as if this phantom was sent last to really make Scrooge learn his lesson as it is obviously intimidating Scrooge. The phantom could have been sent to scare the last bit of hatred out of Scrooge to make him pure in his mind, Scrooge feared the silent shape so much that his legs trembled beneath him I fear you more than any spectre I have seen. Scrooge is definitely seeing this is a great privilege for him to have this phantom as you read, I know your purpose is to do me good I am prepared to bear your company The night is waning fast, and it is precious time to me. What Scrooge says in this lines that I have targeted is very assuring that he knows what is to come of himself if he does not pay attention and he especially lets us know this when he says that his time is precious and this allows us to know that Scrooge does not want to end up like Marley but wants to have a better afterlife. A dreadful place that the phantom brought Scrooge to, was a conversation involving two women that knew the late Scrooge before he died. Scrooge is brought to two women talking of Scrooges ways before there was time to change, Every person has a right to take care of themselves. He always did why wasnt he natural in his lifetime? The reason he is in italics is because this is how it is in the book and the reason for that is probably because when one of the women were talking about Scrooge they probably emphasized he very much. What they also ask about him, that why wasnt he natural shows for a moment that they could have had care for Scrooge but this isnt true for two reasons and one is because they speak of him badly the rest of the time and they had also robbed Scrooge of his goods after he died and placed them in bundles, if I could have laid my hands on anything else. Open that bundle, old Joe, and let me know the value of it. This is as if there is no care in the world for Scrooge even as though they waited for him to die just to take him for what he has. Another example of horrid speaking of Scrooge is still from the same woman saying, He frightened everyone away when he was alive, to profit us when he was dead. This shows us that it was as though they waited for his death to occur. Scrooge was realising that this is not the correct way to be thought of after dying as he says to the phantom, I see, I see. The case of this unhappy man might be my own. My life tends that way now. Merciful heaven, what is this. Scrooge almost prays there to beg for forgiveness because of the life he has led, one. These visits and more from this phantom has most definitely shown Scrooge what he is walking himself into and at the end of this chapter and the end of this phantoms visit the phantom shows Scrooge a grave with Scrooges name written upon it and Scrooge had just caught on to the fact that the man he visited that was dead was him and the women thieving the man where thieving him, Am I that man who lay upon the bed? The fact that this is a question shows us is was as though Scrooge did not want this to be true. The final assurance that Scrooge has changed is right at the end of the chapter when Scrooge says himself, I am not the man I was. I will not be the man I must have been but for this intercourse. Why show me this, if I am past hope? I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the past, the present, and the future I will not shut out the lessons that they teach. Oh, tell me I may sponge away the writing on this stone! The reason I have written so many quotes here is because they are all valid for my point that Scrooge is begging for forgiveness for his past ways and that he promises he will changes and has changed. He begs that the gravestone is not to be his and he tells the phantom that he has had his lesson taught. I know knew that Scrooge had changed for the better and this is purely because he had been visited by the three spirits and Marley; this took time and gradually built more and more guilt into Scrooges mind and this is the main reason why Scrooge changed. Conclusion Throughout analysing the story and each individual spirit we see the growth of Scrooge. Overall Dickens has written a provoking story, in his use of spirits and flashbacks creating a drastic change within Scrooge. The reader almost feels a sense of relief at Scrooges achievement as you are confident it will be for the better. The power of making Scrooge regretful is carried out effectively. Dickens sums up the story with the last chapter The End of it sparking the idea that at the end of something there is a new beginning which is exactly what happens. Scrooges misery is brought to an end and his happiness is shared with everyone, leaving the reader to believe that it is possible for any one to change.